Struct di Solidity

Struct adalah tipe data custom yang memungkinkan kita untuk mengelompokkan variabel yang terkait. Hal ini sangat berguna untuk merepresentasikan model data yang kompleks.

Mendefinisikan Struct

Sebuah struct didefinisikan menggunakan kata kunci struct, diikuti dengan nama struct dan propertinya.

struct Person {
    string name;
    uint age;
    address wallet;
}

Contoh Kontrak

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract People {
    struct Person {
        string name;
        uint age;
        address wallet;
    }

    Person[] public people;

    function addPerson(string memory _name, uint _age, address _wallet) public {
        Person memory newPerson = Person({
            name: _name,
            age: _age,
            wallet: _wallet
        });
        people.push(newPerson);
    }

    function getPerson(uint _index) public view returns (string memory, uint, address) {
        Person storage person = people[_index];
        return (person.name, person.age, person.wallet);
    }
}

Nested Struct

Struct juga dapat berisi struct lainnya, memungkinkan model data yang lebih kompleks.

Contoh

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract Company {
    struct Employee {
        string name;
        uint age;
        address wallet;
    }

    struct Department {
        string name;
        Employee[] employees;
    }

    Department[] public departments;

    function addDepartment(string memory _name) public {
        Department memory newDept = Department({
            name: _name,
            employees: new Employee[](0)
        });
        departments.push(newDept);
    }

    function addEmployeeToDepartment(uint _deptIndex, string memory _name, uint _age, address _wallet) public {
        Employee memory newEmployee = Employee({
            name: _name,
            age: _age,
            wallet: _wallet
        });
        departments[_deptIndex].employees.push(newEmployee);
    }

    function getEmployee(uint _deptIndex, uint _empIndex) public view returns (string memory, uint, address) {
        Employee storage employee = departments[_deptIndex].employees[_empIndex];
        return (employee.name, employee.age, employee.wallet);
    }
}